Which of the following best describes the optimal growing conditions for coffee?

The optimal growing conditions for coffee plants are best characterized by tropical highlands. Coffee thrives in areas that provide a specific set of climate and altitude conditions that are found in highland regions. These areas typically have cooler temperatures, which help to enhance the flavor profile of the coffee beans, abundant rainfall, and well-drained, fertile soils. This climate allows for gradual ripening of coffee cherries, which contributes to the development of complex flavors.

In contrast, tropical lowlands may be too hot and humid for coffee cultivation, leading to increased risks of pests and diseases. Temperature lowlands do not specifically refer to an ideal climate for coffee, as coffee grows best in regions with a stable climate found in the highlands. Temperature mountain zones also might imply varying climates; however, these areas may not consistently provide the stable, moderate temperatures ideal for cultivating coffee, as they can fluctuate greatly with altitude. Thus, the combination of altitude, temperature, rainfall, and soil type in tropical highlands creates the optimal environment for coffee production.