What does "soft power" refer to in international relations?

In international relations, "soft power" specifically refers to the ability of a country to influence others through cultural appeal, values, and ideological means rather than through coercive tactics like military force or economic sanctions. This concept, popularized by political scientist Joseph Nye, emphasizes the importance of attraction and persuasion in global affairs. Soft power encompasses aspects such as diplomacy, cultural exchanges, foreign aid, and the promotion of certain ideologies that resonate with other countries or peoples. By fostering positive relationships and mutual respect, countries wield soft power to achieve their foreign policy goals more effectively and sustainably. This nuanced approach contrasts sharply with "hard power," which is the use of direct force or economic pressure to achieve objectives.